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What are the Causes of Azoospermia? The causes of Azoospermia are generally divided into three groups: Endocrine (Hormonal) Causes: Azoospermia can be due to congenital conditions such as Kallman syndrome or acquired conditions resulting from deficiencies in hormones released from the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. Testicular Causes: Azoospermia may result from disorders related to sperm production in the testes. Some chromosomal diseases like Y-chromosome microdeletions can be responsible for this group. In many cases within this group, the cause may remain unidentified. Obstruction or Absence of Sperm Transporting Channels: Azoospermia can also occur due to blockages in or the congenital absence of the channels responsible for carrying sperm

Infertility, also known as sterility, is the condition where there is no pregnancy despite regular and unprotected sexual intercourse for one year, or if pregnancy occurs but never results in a live birth. About 80% of couples achieve pregnancy within the first year of trying, and by the end of three years, approximately 85-90% of couples achieve pregnancy. Therefore, infertility is a health issue that affects about 10-15% of couples, even though there may be societal differences. Young couples are especially advised to undergo initial evaluations, and explaining the above-mentioned success rates to them, in turn this can help reduce unnecessary stress and financial burden with added treatment.

What is Azoospermia? The absence of sperm in a sperm analysis is referred to as azoospermia. Azoospermia can have numerous underlying causes, generally stemming from either the testes’ inability to produce sperm or blockages in the sperm ducts, preventing sperm from appearing in the semen. When appropriate medical and surgical methods fail to address the underlying cause, the micro-TESE (Microscopic Testicular Sperm Extraction) method can be employed to retrieve sperm for use in assisted reproductive techniques. Micro-TESE is a procedure performed in an operating room under local or general anaesthesia, where the testicles are opened, and the tubules carrying semen are extracted using a microscope. The testicular tissues