Premature ovarian failure (POF), also known as primary ovarian insufficiency, is a condition in which the ovaries lose their normal function before the age of 40. This leads to decreased estrogen production, irregular or absent menstrual cycles, and reduced fertility potential. Premature ovarian failure can occur due to genetic factors, autoimmune conditions, medical treatments such as chemotherapy, or may remain idiopathic in many cases. Early diagnosis is crucial for both reproductive planning and long-term health management.
What are the sign of premature ovarian failure?
The signs of premature ovarian failure are very similar to that of the menopause. Symptoms include vaginal dryness, tenderness, hot flashes, night sweats and difficulty in sleeping. Menstruation becomes irregular or can stop altogether. The reason for these symptoms is that the estrogen level in the body becomes low due to the ovaries not working properly.
In many women, the cause of premature ovarian failure is unclear. It can be seen more often in some families. It may be associated with immune diseases that particularly affect the thyroid gland. It may occur as a result of some genetic diseases (such as Turner syndrome or Fragile X syndrome). It can also occur after radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy within the scope of cancer treatments.
In addition to the symptoms mentioned above, low estrogen levels increase the risk of osteoporosis (bone loss) and early heart disease. Depression can also occur in women with premature ovarian failure. If premature ovarian failure is occurring because of genetic reason, then it may be genetically transmitted to your children.
Premature ovarian failure is diagnosed by measuring hormone levels (such as FSH and E2) in the blood. Some chromosome analyses may also be required in patients with genetic predisposition. Measuring bone density in patients diagnosed with early ovarian failure due to osteoporosis is also appropriate.
Can premature ovarian failure be treated or reversed?
Early ovarian failure that occurs after radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy may resolve on its own after sometime. Premature ovarian failure of an unknown cause or genetic cause may not be reversible. Your doctor may recommend hormone therapy to alleviate the symptoms of premature ovarian failure.
Premature ovarian failure is a complex condition that affects both fertility and overall hormonal health. While spontaneous pregnancy may still be possible in a small percentage of cases, individualized evaluation and timely intervention are essential to optimize reproductive outcomes. Advances in assisted reproductive technologies now provide effective options for women diagnosed with POF.
At Cyprus Hope Fertility | Team-Z, women with premature ovarian failure are evaluated through a personalized and evidence-based approach under the expertise of Dr. Zehra Onar. Each patient’s condition is carefully assessed to determine the most appropriate fertility treatment strategy, with a focus on both reproductive success and long-term well-being.